01 - Bring a large pot of generously salted water to a rolling boil. Add the mafaldine and cook until al dente according to package directions. Reserve ½ cup of starchy cooking water before draining.
02 - While the pasta cooks, plunge the broccoli florets into boiling water for 2 to 3 minutes until vivid green and just barely tender. Drain thoroughly and set aside.
03 - In a large skillet, warm the olive oil over medium heat. Sauté the shallot and garlic for 1 to 2 minutes until fragrant but not browned. Add the blanched broccoli, lemon zest, and chili flakes, tossing to coat evenly. Cook for another 2 minutes.
04 - Add the drained mafaldine and reserved pasta water to the skillet. Toss vigorously to combine. Stir in the lemon juice, grated Parmigiano-Reggiano, and black pepper. Cook for 1 to 2 minutes until the sauce turns creamy and clings to the noodles.
05 - Remove the skillet from heat. Scatter the fresh basil or parsley over the top and toss gently. Taste and adjust with additional lemon juice, salt, or pepper as needed.
06 - Divide among warmed plates immediately. Finish with an extra shower of grated Parmigiano-Reggiano and serve right away.