01 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta according to package directions until al dente. Drain thoroughly, rinse under cold running water to halt cooking, and set aside to cool completely.
02 - If using fresh corn, heat a grill or cast-iron skillet over high heat. Place whole ears directly on the surface and cook, turning occasionally, until lightly blackened and smoky, about 5 to 7 minutes. Cut kernels from the cobs. If using frozen corn, thaw completely, then sear in a hot skillet with a light drizzle of oil until golden and lightly charred.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, toss together the cooled pasta, charred corn kernels, halved cherry tomatoes, diced red onion, chopped cilantro, and jalapeño if using. Stir gently to distribute evenly.
04 - In a separate small bowl, whisk together the mayonnaise, sour cream, lime juice, smoked paprika, chili powder, kosher salt, and black pepper until smooth and well blended.
05 - Pour the prepared dressing over the pasta and vegetable mixture. Toss gently with a large spoon or spatula, folding from the bottom, until every component is evenly coated.
06 - Sprinkle the crumbled cotija cheese over the dressed salad and fold in gently until incorporated throughout.
07 - Transfer the salad to a serving bowl. Scatter the additional chopped cilantro over the top and arrange lime wedges around the edges. Serve chilled or at room temperature.