01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
02 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook pasta 2 minutes less than package directions. Drain and set aside.
03 - In a large skillet, heat olive oil over medium heat. Add onions and cook 3 minutes until translucent. Add the garlic and cook 1 minute.
04 - Add ground beef; cook until browned, breaking apart with a spoon, about 5-6 minutes.
05 - Stir in chopped cabbage and sauté until softened, 5-7 minutes.
06 - Add crushed tomatoes, tomato sauce, tomato paste, oregano, basil, smoked paprika, and sugar if using. Simmer 10 minutes. Season generously with salt and pepper.
07 - Combine cooked pasta, beef-cabbage mixture, and half the mozzarella in a large bowl. Mix gently.
08 - Transfer mixture to the prepared baking dish. Top with remaining mozzarella and all the Parmesan cheese.
09 - Cover with foil and bake 20 minutes.
10 - Uncover and bake an additional 10 minutes, or until cheese is bubbly and golden.
11 - Rest 5 minutes before serving.