01 - Preheat the oven to 350°F. Line a 12-cup muffin pan with paper liners or grease lightly with cooking spray.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until well blended.
03 - In a separate bowl, mash the ripe bananas thoroughly. Add the sugar, oil or melted butter, eggs, vanilla extract, and cooled espresso. Whisk until smooth and fully combined.
04 - Pour the wet mixture into the dry ingredients. Fold gently with a spatula until just combined—some small lumps are acceptable. Do not overmix as this will result in dense muffins.
05 - Gently fold in the chocolate chips and walnuts if using, distributing evenly throughout the batter.
06 - Divide the batter evenly among the prepared muffin cups, filling each about three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 18-22 minutes until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean or with a few moist crumbs.
08 - Let the muffins cool in the pan for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.